Cosmetics for young children
The choice of cosmetic products for children and babies has increased exponentially in recent years. Still, it's important to note that this target group is sensitive to the toxic effects of these products, recognising the fact that children under the age of three may be more sensitive to certain harmful effects of certain chemical products
The product should comply with the basic requirements for cosmetic ingredients and finished cosmetic products, notably Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009. It should follow the general principles stated in the Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation (SCCS).
Risk factors related to the characteristics of infants:
Children have a greater relationship between skin surface and body mass than adults.
Metabolic systems are functionally immature up to about 12 months.
Organs or systems still in significant development may be particularly sensitive to toxicological effects.
Premature babies have more permeable skin and are metabolically immature.
Exposure characteristics and associated risks
Buttocks
All conditions make the area prone to skin problems, such as infections, rashes or dermatitis, which render the skin more permeable to the ingredients in cosmetic products and possibly facilitate their absorption.
Innate actions of infants: more exposure
Cosmetic products that appear like toys and the risk of confusion with foodstuffs are particularly noteworthy. There are many possible scenarios, depending on the age and behaviour of the infant, including:
Accidental product intake.
Ingestion of small parts of the pack.
Eye exposure.
Safety Assessment
Specific application: It is essential to adjust the parameters for the specific target and consider the different exposure levels and amount per application.
Microbiological quality: Microbiological contamination is a source of particular concern for products intended for infants. The total viable count for aerobic mesophilic micro-organisms should not exceed 10² CFU/g or 10² CFU/mL of the product. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli and Candida albicans should not be detectable in 1 g or 1 mL of the product.
It should take into account the different behaviours of children compared to adults and the impact this has on exposure to cosmetics.
Toys: take into consideration that some cosmetics are also toys and must comply with Directive 2009/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009.
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